自然灾害保险的委托─代理模型

灾害保险是筹措防灾救灾资金的重要手段．本文运用委托-代理理论建立了自然灾害的保险模型,对自然灾害的最优保险合同和保险费率进行了研究,为开展自然灾害的保险业务提供了理论依据．     

对华北GPS监测区近期地壳应变连续分布的估计

直接利用华北ＧＰＳ监测网各个测点的位移观测值,借助高斯型位移协方差函数通过最小二乘配置建立连续分布的位移函数,并根据应变与位移的偏导关系,对华北ＧＰＳ监测区１９９２～１９９５年、１９９５～１９９６年最大剪应变及面膨胀连续分布进行估算,得到其应变场动态图像。     

考虑应变速率影响的混凝土重力坝非线性地震响应分析

通过引入应变速率、损伤变量以及刚度退化指标等参数,建立了应变率相关的混凝土弹塑性损伤模型。运用该模型对某重力坝厂房坝段分别就率相关及率无关两种情况进行了三维非线性地震响应时程分析。深入研究了混凝土应变速率等相关特性对结构动力响应的影响。结果表明,应变速率对混凝土的力学性能有一定的影响,随着应变速率的增加,坝体结构的变形减小,主拉应力有所提高,应变能有所减小以及开裂损伤有一定的降低。所得结论对混凝土重力坝的震害研究有一定的参考价值。     

基于因素重构分析法和主成分分析法的企业安全文化评价模型

针对当前安全文化评价领域存在的评价方法相对简单、主观性较强等问题,基于企业安全文化的人本主体,设计以企业决策层、管理层、执行层为主体的企业安全文化指标体系;充分利用因素重构分析法和主成分分析法在数据处理上的各种优势,建立适应指标体系特征并考虑数据约束条件的企业安全文化评价模型;通过实例分析加以验证。该模型为解决企业安全文化评价中指标体系庞大复杂、样本空间小、缺少可以直接利用的历史数据等难题给出了一条具有可操作性的路径。     

Effects of solids retention time on the performance of bioreactors bioaugmented with a 17β-estradiol-utilizing bacterium, Sphingomonas strain KC8

This study investigated the performance of lab-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) that were inoculated with nitrifying activated sludge and bioaugmented with a Sphingomonas strain KC8 (a 17β-estradiol-degrading bacterium). The bioaugmented SBRs were supplied with synthetic wastewater (average initial total organic carbon (TOC) = 175 mg L⁻¹ and average initial ammonia-N = 25 mg L⁻¹) and daily dose of 17β-estradiol (1 mg L⁻¹) and operated under three solid retention times (SRTs) of 5, 10, and 20 d. After three times periods of the operating SRTs, the overall removal of TOC (>87%) and ammonia (>91%) was similar in all the SBRs. Higher 17β-estradiol removals (>99%) were observed for the SBRs. Neither estrogens nor estrogenic activity was detected in the treated water, except some samples from the SBR operating under 5 d of SRT. The ratios of known estrogen degraders (Sphingomonas strain KC8 and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria) and amoA gene to the total bacterial population decreased as SRT increased, suggesting the presence of unknown estrogen-degraders in SBRs operating at SRT = 10 and 20 d. Real-time-terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis showed that the evenness of microbial community structures was not affected by the SRT; while, the diversity indices suggest that longer SRTs might lead to more diverse microbial community structure. Overall, the results suggested that bioaugmented bioreactors operating at long SRTs (10 and 20 d) were effective in removing 17β-estradiol to the non-estrogenic treatment endpoint.     

水利旅游吸引力评价模型与实证研究

水利旅游是水利经济的新兴增长点，吸引力评价是旅游开发的基础性研究。借鉴引力理论，构建了由25个指标组成的水利旅游吸引力评价指标体系，运用AHP—PCA—Borda主客观组合评价法，对我国水利旅游吸引力进行了实证评价。结果表明，水利旅游吸引力地区不平衡，江苏、广东、山东、湖北、河南、浙江、湖南、北京和江西等省水利旅游吸引力较强，西部省份和处于我国版图中轴线附近的省份水利旅游吸引力较弱。     

高盐条件下硝基苯降解菌的分离及降解特性

在高盐条件下,从某制药厂曝气池的活性污泥中分离、筛选得到6株硝基苯高效降解菌,其中菌株N18在高盐条件下对硝基苯降解效率最高.经形态特征和生理生化特征分析,初步鉴定N18属于棒状杆菌属(Corynebacterium sp.).硝基苯降解试验表明,菌株最佳培养条件为30℃、培养基pH 7、摇床转速150 r/min.最佳培养条件下,当硝基苯初始质量浓度低于150 mg/L时,菌株培养72 h后硝基苯降解率达75％以上.当盐度为1％～3％时,盐度对硝基苯降解率的影响不明显,当盐度为10％时菌株生长微弱,因此N18属于中度耐盐细菌.     

杀虫单降解菌的筛选分离与降解特性研究

从农药厂废水排放沟污泥中分离到一株对杀虫单有较强降解能力的菌株LY－4，经鉴定为巨大芽孢杆菌（Bacillus megaterium)。其生长的最适pH为7，最适温度为30℃。该菌对杀虫单有很强的耐受性，在杀虫单浓度ρ＝5000mg/L时，仍能较好地生长并发挥降解作用。当杀虫单初始浓度高于一定值时，一定量的菌剂对杀虫单的降解率随底物浓度的提高而降低，而绝对去除量则随底物浓度的提高而提高。与不加菌的对照相比，加入LY－4后，可使杀虫单浓度在很短的时间内降到很低的水平。图5表1参6     

Use of reporter-gene based bacteria to quantify phenanthrene biodegradation and toxicity in soil

A phenanthrene-degrading bacterium, Sphingomonas paucimobilis EPA505 was used to construct two fluorescence-based reporter strains. Strain D harboring gfp gene was constructed to generate green fluorescence when the strain started to biodegrade phenanthrene. Strain S possessing gef gene was designed to die once phenanthrene biodegradation was initiated and thus to lose green fluorescence when visualized by a live/dead cell staining. Confocal laser scanning microscopic observation followed by image analysis demonstrates that the fluorescence intensity generated by strain D increased and the intensity by strain S decreased linearly at the phenanthrene concentration of up to 200 mg/L. Such quantitative increase and decrease of fluorescence intensity in strain D (i.e., from 1 to 11.90 ± 0.72) and strain S (from 1 to 0.40 ± 0.07) were also evident in the presence of Ottawa sand spiked with the phenanthrene up to 1000 mg/kg. The potential use of the reporter strains in quantitatively determining biodegradable or toxic phenanthrene was discussed.     

甲醛降解菌的筛选及降解特性研究

从采集活性污泥中筛选得到1株具有高效降解甲醛能力的菌株并命名为JQ-1，根据其形态特征，初步判断菌株JQ-1属假单胞菌属。同时对菌株JQ-1的生长特性及降解特性进行了初步研究。实验结果表明，该菌株降解甲醛的最适条件为：甲醛废水浓度为50mg／L，pH值为6，培养温度为25℃，摇床转速为150r／min。在最适条件下，菌株JQ-1具有较强的降解甲醛能力，当甲醛废水浓度为50mg／L时，在24h内甲醛降解率可达87％以上。